2.4.2 Unethical client expectations for policy-based evidence

The classic definition of the role of the advisor is to “speak truth to power.” This assumes that what clients want from their advisors, in addition to expertise, is a certain level of independence and skepticism.1 However, not all clients are this enlightened and sometimes they try to employ analysts to develop a rationale for a previously chosen strategy, as a mentor for a fellowship group recently put it: “policy-based evidence, rather than evidence-based policy.” Taking on such a job will create an ethical problem for the researcher or analyst and could also damage the longer-term reputation of the researcher or his/her organization.2 It is best to try to avoid such commissions or renegotiate the terms of reference.

Produce evidence-based policy, not policy-based evidence!


  1. Mintrom 2004. ↩︎

  2. Weimar and Vining 1996. ↩︎